Mountain Climbing is Extreme Sport

Technic or sport of mountain climbing calls Mountaineering. Mountaineering is the sport, hobby or profession of walking, hiking, trekking and climbing up mountains. It is also sometimes known as apinism, particularly in Europe while it began as an all-out attempt to reach the highest point of unclimbed mountains, It has branched into specialization addressing different aspects of mountains and may now be said to consist of three aspects: rock-craft, snow-craft and skiing depending on whether the route chosen is over rock, snow or ice. All require great athletic and technical ability and experience is also very important.
Mountain climbing, ascending mountains, most commonly as a recreational activity. Mountain ascent can be either non technical (a hike up a path or a scramble over rocks, not requiring the safety of a rope), or technical (a climb up more difficult terrain that requires the use of rope and other specialized equipment). Since the ascent, mountain climbing has evolved into three related sports: alpine climbing, ice climbing and rock climbing. These sports require the same fundamental techniques.
Experienced climbers prepare for a climbing buying a topographical map and a regional guidebook with charts of the expected terrain and description of the mountain’s approach trails. Climbers begin major ascent by hiking to the base of the mountain, where they set up an overnight camping spot, known as a base camp. Early the next morning, they begin their ascent. On climbs that last only one day, experienced climbers attempt to reach the summit by noon, before afternoon thunderstorms, lightning hail, and rain increase the danger of climb. Climbers also make sure they have enough daylight to rappel back to the mountain’s base and reach base camp before dark. If they can’t reach it, they must resort to head lamps or flashlight to find their way back to camp on ascents that last more than one day, an early start gives climbers enough time to set up their next camp on the mountain before night fall. If there is snow on the route, starting early means that the frozen surface will not melt before the climbers cross it.
Because mountain climbers surmount dangerous terrain by using ropes and other equipment, they almost always climb in teams. The basic team is composed of two people, the leader and the second. Each has one end of the climbing rope tied into his or her climbing harness, a device that secures the climbers to the rope in case of a slip. The leader’s job is to lead climb by following a natural line or path to each successive ledge or rating spot. The leader also places climbing equipment known as hardware in cracks, snow and ice at various point along the ascent. When attached to the climbing rope, the hardware becomes a series of anchors that hold a climber. After the leader reaches a ledge and secures several pieces of hardware for a belay anchor, the second begins climbing, following the leader’s route and gathering the hardware. Because the leading is stressful and tiring, the leader and the second sometimes switch positions, a process called swinging leads.
An accident while climbing generally has unexpected and negative consequences. Climbers can minimize the consequences of these mistakes by traveling in groups, carrying first aid equipment and being cautions in their route planning.
Some of the causes accident while climbs are :
1. crevasses are deep ice fissures or large cracks within glacier.
2. avalanches are sudden flows of a large mass of snow or ice down a slop or cliff.
3. hypothermia occurs when the body becomes too chilled to generate enough warmth for vital organs such as the heart and lungs. It happened when the outside temperature is between 7o – 10o C or 45o – 50o F. To avoid it, Climbers should stay dry and avoid cotton clothing. Helping them with maintain energy levels.
4. Altitude sickness is caused by insufficient oxygen at high elevations. It is happened at any elevation above 2400 m/ 8000 ft. To avoid it they should descend immediately to a lower altitude before the condition worsens.
Mountaineers need to being excellent physical shape and many people train for mountain climbing by running, hiking and bicycling. While climbing, mountaineers must remain relaxed and focused in tense situations.
How for learning to climbs, traditionally, beginning mountaineers learned safe climbing skills through more experienced climbers and guides accompanied beginners. Today, beginners can follow the apprenticeship route or learn the skills from services that are certified by such organizations.